Adut, A. (2012). A theory of the public sphere. Sociological Theory, 30(4), 238–262. https://doi.org/10.1177/0735275112467012
The paper presents a sociological examination of the public sphere, a concept originally introduced by Jürgen Habermas. The paper delves into the structure and function of the public sphere, with a focus on the role of political discourse and debate in democratic societies.

Blackmore, S. J., Dugatkin, L. A., Boyd, R., & Richerson, P. i. (2000). The power of memes. Scientific American, a division of Nature America, Inc.
The book draws parallels between how humans and other animals use imitation to their benefit. As demonstrated in experiments, humans readily use imitation to solve problems, whereas other species, such as orangutang, do not employ imitation as extensively.

Citarella, J. (2021, February 11). Joshua Citarella: Memes as politics: EP 12: Cult as Cope on apple podcasts. Apple Podcasts. https://podcasts.apple.com/mt/podcast/memes-as-politics-ep-12-cult-as-cope/id1513817688?i=1000508607363
The podcast covers various aspects of powerful organizations that have special funds for their following on social platforms that create chaos. They also talk about the need for supervision on such platforms.

de Seta, G. (2019). Pepe goes to China, or, the post-global circulation of memes. Post Memes, 389–402. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11hptdx.20
This chapter provides detailed insights into how Pepe the Frog and similar internet memes are understood within the context of global meme circulation and transformation. 

Hsu, H. (2016, October 4). The Dank memes that are “disrupting” politics. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/culture/cultural-comment/the-dank-memes-that-are-disrupting-politics
The article talks about how memes are how memes spread false information like wildfire due to humor and The possibility that a joke might cohere into a seeming movement. Maybe a joke could even win the Presidency.

HuffPost. (2019). How Do Internet Memes Shape Our Politics? Retrieved October 21, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DazKys0gpHU.
A compilation of interviews with experts that answers the question, how do internet memes shape our politics? The video ends with a conclusion stating that memes, do affect the political landscape but should not be taken at face value.

Klein, O. (2019, March 11). The evolution of political internet memes. KENNEDY SCHOOL REVIEW. https://ksr.hkspublications.org/2019/03/11/the-evolution-of-political-internet-memes/
The article talks about how memes are not limited to American culture; they are deeply intertwined with cultural traditions and contextual opportunities. The cultural meaning of a meme not only impacts its success but also influences how harmful or effective it is in mobilizing people.

Leiser, A. (2022). Psychological perspectives on Participatory Culture: Core Motives for the use of political internet memes. Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 10(1), 236–252. https://doi.org/10.5964/jspp.6377
The paper helps explore whether users ascribe memes to a political role and consider them an alternative to or supplement of traditional political participation, this study provides a user-centered perspective focusing on the core motives of meme use.

Lessons in Meme Culture. (2022). Are Memes Destroying Politics? Youtube . Retrieved October 22, 2023, from https://youtu.be/9VZANRIHgaE.
Understanding the first political meme and how different presidential campaigns used memes to improve their social presence. The video also talks about the timeline of the first political memes and how they emerged and evolved.

Mahar, H., & Mahmood, Z. (2022, September 20). Internet memes as Political Communication Tool: An exploratory study. Journal of ISOSS. https://ssrn.com/abstract=4191593
The paper talks about how memes represent the dominant world of participation and condenses complex topics into easy shareable content. Memes also help online political debates and keep voters well-informed. 

Marwick, A. (2013). Memes. Contexts, 12(4), 12–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/1536504213511210
The paper helps us to understand how memes evolved over time. From Dawkin’s definition of memes to how memes are now used in contemporary media. 

Millner, R. M. (2012). Pop Polyvocality: Internet Memes, Public Participation, and the Occupy Wall Street Movement. International Journal of Communication 7, 179–220. https://doi.org/10.7476/9786556301785.0008
The article investigates the use of internet memes to express various viewpoints related to the Occupy Wall Street (OWS) movement. The study involved the analysis of a collection of memes that commented on OWS, originating from various participatory media platforms.

The New York Times. (2017). The Dark Art of Political Memes | Internetting with Amanda Hess. Retrieved October 21, 2023, from https://youtu.be/-bgQmesnte8.
Demonstrates the power of memes as a means of political expression and engagement, where individuals can shape the narrative and public perception of political figures through the content they create and share.

Nicol Turner Lee, X. F.-E., Melanie W. Sisson, E. S. W., Darrell M. West, N. T. L., MacCarthy, M., Wheeler, T., & Xavier de Souza Briggs, C. C. J. (2023, March 1). TechTank episode 64: How memes are impacting democracy. Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/techtank-episode-64-how-memes-are-impacting-democracy/
The podcast revolved around the significant role that memes play in influencing democracy and promoting harmful ideologies. It also spoke about how online memes impact democratic processes and how they can sometimes propagate detrimental ideas and beliefs.

RETRO REPORT. (2020). Political Memes: The Rise of the Political Meme in Politics Today | Retro Report. Retrieved October 22, 2023, from https://youtu.be/-JbJFoUCYR0. Political memes serve as a means to express viewpoints through social media platforms, frequently incorporating subtle humor. They are “the people’s editorial cartoons.” As election season nears, they’re weaponized by the left and the right to score political blows. 

Ross, A. S., & Rivers, D. J. (2017). Digital cultures of political participation: Internet memes and the discursive delegitimization of the 2016 U.S presidential candidates. Discourse, Context & Media, 16, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcm.2017.01.001
The paper underscores the role of memes in delegitimizing candidates through strategies like authorization, moral evaluation, rationalization, and mythopoesis. It highlights the effectiveness of internet memes as a means of political participation.

Schellewald, A. (2021). Communicative forms on TikTok: Perspectives from Digital Ethnography. International Journal of Communication. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/16414/3389
The paper is focused on studying short video communications, particularly within the context of short video communications through platforms such as TikTok.

Shifman, L. (2015). Memes in digital culture. CRC Press.

The book is considered an important contribution to the study of internet culture and digital communication, offering insights into the way memes function as a form of online expression and cultural communication.

Wiggins, B. E., & Bowers, G. B. (2014). Memes as genre: A structurational analysis of the memescape. New Media & Society, 17(11), 1886–1906. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444814535194
Understanding a more in-depth analysis of how memes function within the broader context of communication, culture, and politics. Structuration is used to position dynamic components as the core of a duality of structure for Internet memes.

Wijaya, C. (2018). VIDEO MEMES, CULTURE OF THE INTERNET & VIRTUAL PUBLIC SPHERE. Academia. https://www.academia.edu/41718131/VIDEO_MEMES_CULTURE_OF_THE_INTERNET_and_VIRTUAL_PUBLIC_SPHERE?source=swp_share
The paper talks about the convergence of several key elements in contemporary digital culture, including video memes, the internet’s cultural landscape, and the concept of the virtual public sphere.